Compromised OT/ICS systems, Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) or Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES) can bring entire lines to a standstill, scrap work-in-progress and delay shipments.
When Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Warehouse Management Systems (WMS), Quality Management Systems (QMS) or scheduling platforms go offline, planners lose visibility, materials are misplaced and bottlenecks spread across sites.
Tampered configurations, falsified sensor data or unplanned manual overrides can lead to defects, safety incidents or environmental releases.
Lost output. Expedited logistics. Regulatory penalties and recovery projects quickly add up – especially when downtime is measured in days, not hours.
Non-compliance with GDPR, NIS2 or national cybersecurity laws can lead to fines, investigations, accountability hearings and significant political consequences, especially when services are disrupted.
Adopted in 2022 and applicable from January 2025, DORA establishes a unified EU framework for ICT risk management in financial entities. It mandates incident reporting, digital resilience testing, third-party risk oversight, and governance accountability for operational continuity.
Entered into force in January 2023, with transposition required by October 2024, NIS2 expands cybersecurity obligations across essential sectors, including finance. It requires risk management measures, mandatory incident reporting, supply chain security, and executive-level accountability.
Effective since 2018, PSD2 regulates electronic payments in the EU and introduces strong customer authentication (SCA). It mandates secure APIs for open banking, enhances consumer protection, and enforces controls to reduce fraud in digital payment services.
Enforced since May 2018, GDPR governs the processing and protection of personal data across the EU. It mandates lawful data handling, breach notification within 72 hours, data subject rights and significant penalties for non-compliance, up to 4% of global turnover.